INDIA

GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT AND FRONTIERS




India as a Geographical Unit:

Geographical Extent: 8° 4′ N to 37° 6′ N latitude and 68° 7′ E to 97° 25′ East longitude.

Northen most point–Indira col, Siachen glacier in karakoram range.

Easternmost Point – The tiny town of Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh.

Westernmost Point –GhuarMoti, located in the Kutch District of Gujarat.

Southernmost Point – Indira Point in Great Nicobar Island in the Andaman Sea.kanyakumariis southernmost in Indian mainland.

India has 15106.7 Km of land border and a coastline  of 7516.6 Km.


India’s Frontiers:

Neighbouring

Countries Bordering States

Afghanistan Jammu and Kashmir Occupied Area). (Pakistan-


China Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal

Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

Bangladesh West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Assam.

Bhutan West Bengal, Sikkim,

Pradesh and Assam. Arunachal

Myanmar Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Mizoram. Nagaland,


India’s longest border is with BANGLADESHand shortest border is with Afghanistan (PoK touches Afghanistan).

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Nepal Bihar, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and West Bengal.

Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab,

Rajasthan and Gujarat


Important Passes

State Pass

Jammu and Kashmir Zoji La it is in Zaskar range,

Banihal pass

Himachal Pradesh Shipki La ,Bara-Lacha Pass,

Rohtang pass

Uttarakhand Mana, lipulekh,Niti pass

Sikkim Nathu la , Jelep la

Arunchal Pradesh Bom di la,Dihang pass

Western ghats Thalghat , Bhorghat, Pal ghat


Important boundary line

Boundary Line Countries

Radcliffe Line Between India and Pakistan

Mac Mohan Line Between India and China

Durand Line Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

49thParallel Between USA and Canada

38th Parallel Between North and South Korea

Hidenberg Line Between Germany and Poland

Maginot line Between France and Germany

Oder Neisse Line Between Germany and Poland


Tropic of cancer lies at 23.50 degree North in India passes through 8 states and nearest cities to it are,

Gandhinagar (Gujarat) - 23.10 N

Jaipur (Rajasthan) - 26.55 N

Bhopal (M.P) - 23.16 N

Raipur (Chattisgarh) - 21.16 N

Ranchi (Jharkhand) - 23.11 N

Kolkata (W.B) - 22.34 N

Agartala(Tripura) - 23.51 N

Aizawl (Mizoram) - 23.36 N


Indian Standard Time:GMT +05:30 or 82.5° longitude East of Greenwich passing through Mirzapur of Uttar Pradesh is Indian Standard line which passes through 5 states of India.

Uttar Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Chhattisgarh

Odhisa

Andhra Pradesh


Important cities through which IST line passes are, Mirzapur, Handi,Korba, Chunar ,Junagarh, Jaunpur etc.


In India meeting point of Tropic of cancer and IST line is at the Sanjay Gandhi National Park forest land of Chattisgarh.


India as a tropical country:


The temperate part (north of Tropic of Cancer) is  twice the area of tropical part.But India has always been treated as a tropical country for two different reasons – physical and cultural:

Physical Reasons:

The country is separated from the rest of Asia by Himalayas. Its climate is dominated by the tropical monsoons and the temperate air masses are blocked by Himalayas.

Entire area south of Himalayas is essentially tropical from climatic point of view:

Although the night temperatures in winter at several places in North India may come down to the level of those prevailing in temperate lands, yet clear skies and intense insolation raise the day temperatures to a tropical level.


Cultural Reasons:

Settlements, diseases, agricultural and primary economic activities are all tropical in nature.

Hence, It is primarilybecause of Himalayas that India is a tropical country.